Thyroid Toxic Adenoma in a Child: A Case Report

Date of submission: 16-06-2020 | Date of acceptance: 26-08-2020 | Published: 03-01-2021

Abstract

Thyroid nodules are rare in pediatric age, with a prevalence of around 2%. Its approach should include assessment of thyroid function and a cervical ultrasound. Toxic adenoma presents as a hyperfunctioning autonomous nodule. We report the case of a 5-year-old child with an autism spectrum disorder, in which the diagnosis of toxic adenoma was made after investigation of a visible palpable cervical nodule. Thyroid function showed diminished thyroid-stimulating hormone and increased free T3 and T4 levels. Cervical ultrasound revealed a hyperechogenic solid nodule in the thyroid right lobe, with a hypoechogenic halo, compatible with an adenoma; the thyroid scintigraphy confirmed its hyperfunctioning nature. The therapeutic approach included a beta-blocker and a thionamide, followed by surgical intervention, with normalization of thyroid function.